Friday, 15 March 2013

The Role of Education in the Socioeconomic Conditions Prevailing in Pakistan


The other day I was walking down the road, lost in the midst of my thoughts. I suddenly heard a shrill scream from behind. The heart rending voice slashed the silent air like a knife and brought me back to my senses. I doubled back, running towards the mayhem and what I saw next drained my body dry of blood; a pleading mother, a terror stricken toddler and the terror himself – a man with a gun. I was no hero, yet my humanity put me into action and I grabbed the masked teenager from behind causing his pistol to jerk out of his hand. ‘Don’t hurt me please!’ the young thief beseeched as I threatened him with police, ‘I meant no real harm! The gun is fake!’
I am sure that I am not the only one who has witnessed such stories of teenagers going astray with guns in hands and menace in eyes, yet with a scared heart in search for money to run their families. After this disturbing face-off with the deadening truths of society, I could do nothing to take it off my mind and ponder over the basic cause and cure behind these scenes: education. All I could ask myself was that what is actually the role of education in all social and economic problems written in our country’s fate? Would they continue to prevail given that Pakistan has a high literacy rate? Or do they occur because the country is growing in the education sector, but the education sector only?
Before the inception of Pakistan in 1947, Quaid-e-Azam tried to take the Muslims to an exalted level of education, benefitting from the British, yet the adamant Muslims did not want to change courses. They refused to adapt to the modern education concept as according to them this was disgrace to their old cultural lifestyle. Unfortunately, the same ideology persists in our nation today. The literacy rate in Pakistan has always been at low ebb with only 49.9% of the population educated out of which 63% are males whereas the female education is as scarce as mere 36%.
The most of the uneducated populace is from the Baluchistan and NWFP provinces which are now flowing into the urban sectors, thus spreading the illiteracy web throughout Pakistan and providing a boost to the socioeconomic problems in the country. Baluchistan is scarcely populated as its population is migrating to Sindh attracted by the flaring city life and jobs in that more advanced province. What they did not foresee was over-population in Karachi, which despite being an Industrial hub ran out of jobs. These were the people who then arose with weapons and terrorist activities in the city making it the heart of thefts, kidnappings, killings and many other social problems.
If the Balochis had been educated enough, they would have realized that development in their province would not only solve all their problems but also become a major economic lift for the whole country. On the contrary, what they do is resist any development in that area as the old school ideology still lingers among the people there. Instead of cooperating on the development of Gwadar, the people of Baluchistan ended up abusing and thrashing the Chinese workmen who came into Pakistan for the growth of the port. This placed a full-stop on China aided Gwadar development program and increased the life-span of economic problems in Pakistan.
Another social issue persevering in Pakistan is the reluctance of girl education. Only 22 percent of girls, compared to 47 percent boys, complete primary schooling with the female school life expectancy to be merely 6 years long. Women make up as much as 49.17% of the total populace in Pakistan and the averseness towards female education further drags the country down. This result in early marriages which become the origin of over-population, thus, initializing the circle of socioeconomic issue in the country, i.e. joblessness, poverty and the final stage: crime. If the educational needs of the country had been met, the people would not be giving their daughters away in the thirst for dowry and nor would joblessness persist which has become the major cause of the growing crime rate as people start feeding their families by selling their consciousness. Even the educated lot is often found seeking money by stealth rather being able to earn with a head held up high in dignity.
 Although agriculture accounts for more than one-fifth of output and two-fifths of employment in Pakistan, the Industry sector is required to make the country grow yet the industrial production growth rate is 3% only which is extremely low for a country with this many problems. Unless the industrial sector nurtures, Pakistan will continue facing the problems of unemployment where the official unemployment is 6%, but this fails to capture the true picture, because much of the economy is informal and underemployment remains high. This can be overcome by proper edification in the country. Yet, even today, the expenditure on education is only about 2.7% of the total GDP making Pakistan the 142nd country in this regard in comparison to the world. The social strife in the country given birth by the lack of education also keeps MNCs and NGOs out of the country due to security issues. This adds to the mountain of reasons keeping the economy level of Pakistan buried underneath.
Pakistan’s strategic location is very ideal for a developing country. Lined with the Silk Road, developing and developed countries as neighbors and a sea available for ports at the other end, the country can improve trade. The untapped resources in Baluchistan can feed the whole country with electricity, ending the load shedding crisis too. The variety of weather and the agricultural built is a plus too. Yet, the lack of unity among the diverse cultures of the country and the adamant ignorance and selfishness of people has led the country on the warpath against its own possessions. If with the assistance World Bank (working for educational progress since 2004), Pakistan overcomes these key challenges effectively, efficiently, and transparently across the education sector, the country can resurface as one of the leading nations of the world, bringing all the social and economic issues to a timely and badly awaited death.

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